Narcotic

From ArticleWorld

The word narcotic is derived from the Greek word narkotikos, meaning benumbing. Originally, it referred to a variety of drugs that induced sleep (narcosis). The term is used broadly, by the United States government to include opium, opium derivatives, their synthetic substitutes, as well as cocaine and coca leaves. Although cocaine and coca leaves are not chemically narcotics, they are included in that classification, in the U.S. Controlled Substances Act.

Administration and effects

Narcotics can be administered a variety of different ways, and their effects depend largly on, among other things, the size of the dose. When medically necessary, narcotics are usually administered orally, transdermally, or by injection. As recreational drugs, they may be smoked, inhaled, or injected. Common effects of narcotic use include drowsiness or sleeplessness, inability to concentrate, apathy, nausea and vomiting, and respiratory depression.

Dependence

Physical dependence refers to an alteration of bodily functions that necessitates the continued use of a drug in order to prevent withdrawal. The intensity of the physical symptoms will vary depending on the drug, the dosages used, the time between uses, and the health and personality of the user. The psychological dependence that is associated with narcotic addiction is complex. Long after the physical need for the drug has passed, the addict may continue to think, and talk, about using drugs. There is a high probability that relapse will occur, after narcotic withdrawal has passed, if neither the physical environment nor the behavioral motivators have been changed.

Signs of overdose

There are several sypmtoms and signs that can signal possible narcotic overdose.

• Euphoria
• Arousable somnolence (‘’nodding’’)
• Nausea
• Pinpoint pupils
• hypoxia

When used in combination with other drugs, coma and seizures can occur as well.